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[28.2.1]（明宪宗、孝宗时代）
《中国古代史》武大134/157
![[28.1.1]（明英宗、景帝时代）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/bfac03f7785a469ea282ab76c2da680e~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=dKZDHhLZkB8a%2F25K4%2FmzydZJK30%3D)
App35:15![[28.2.1]（明宪宗、孝宗时代）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/88b528162bf04bc486d91352de587d2d~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=%2FUbM4kKVnn79vkUFg8R9VfIK9Aw%3D)
App13:01![[28.3.1]（荒淫的明武宗）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/fe1beea2fd184e36bbc8886e0bf1850a~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=mC7Ss0k5KzTSV1%2BxYoRN8XL4o%2Bs%3D)
App09:23![[28.4.1]（明世宗、穆宗时代）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/199ced1a7b6646aabe8dbb13cec6a7da~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=ibT7o2u250ULMRz4i1KuYOV2vmM%3D)
App24:45![[29.1.1]（张居正改革——帝国晚期耀眼）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/2eab0a48dd114ad3a113204919af77df~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=Brjmg1MOtk1BUBSMwjsmgDXaOps%3D)
App15:42![[29.2.1]（万历年间的政治与社会）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/5b6bb8a57b4f4f4087510b46106890a4~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=u5OReL%2F3Pm3c4zqAYbaVquahiL4%3D)
App07:01![[29.3.1]（明末的统治状况及其灭亡）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/1048ac6125184d41aac30dc38e6d8b9d~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=%2Bfbh1FzQE0W3dKnY4ABLuUxn4x4%3D)
App50:12![[30.1.1]（明朝皇帝、贵族制度）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/641d6b9aaf3f49cb9397ca634d5b846f~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=tWBgJFrGWhZeBx8X%2B7lsB4bLJ%2Fk%3D)
App28:46![[30.2.1]（明朝的文官制度）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/ea023d1b52df4c8ca3971c3812cd3311~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=uczilbLZ2S9OXptpYe%2BdMB22zHw%3D)
App20:32![[30.3.1]（明朝的内阁制度）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/b9b6106db7c24539b195aa50f0ba775c~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=j15cGEZIEZNfskUvjHK7YGQw8bo%3D)
App08:38![[30.4.1]（明朝的军事制度）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/a1c414cb815b4ee2a7f457dcf51bbdd5~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=qbQQNTLJpulPd9X7Utr63JIvINI%3D)
App08:24![[30.5.1]（明朝的监察制度）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/b724888e48b34377b84725691b91b9dc~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=BF3riDwj63PYfOZUek0M4ZiO6Fw%3D)
App14:22![[31.1.1] （清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固1）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/c40339aacdd345ee8c47b5944d61d642~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=qTBxhKIX7zt8vnejn198mkjMqqc%3D)
App38:43![[31.1.2]（清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固2）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/3dd2e015aea745738696ee38f7787369~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=95rp6rJrXLQp3P9wjhkuy3tWSkY%3D)
App43:41![[31.1.3]（清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固3）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/5207569dfc784e22801fb94acb0e5ee9~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=%2FuIovg%2Fj9jiYOwy97jMQntxTz4o%3D)
App38:04![[31.1.4] （清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固4）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/ad96f5a9115d4f03b4f3b0b3b9ef80e4~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=VergVPVlFEGR%2BSyIMZDh6KE2%2F7o%3D)
App42:49![[31.1.5]（清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固5）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/b36e5272940141649c2c1735c60514d9~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=XrEAN7%2F2w3WhLfyPDc0NquRuJ28%3D)
App41:32![[31.1.6] （清朝前期的政治与统一多民族国家的进一步巩固6）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/15fe81fead874313827d4579af9bbdd2~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=GokO7An1snPUbb5OiyrJfHi6fGc%3D)
App40:35![[31.2.1]（清朝前期社会经济的发展1）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/13a3c5c04b1341f3a765475ed94b1250~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=DpmkokXwZ8DoB0aoyVJTxWdGx3Y%3D)
App40:26![[31.2.2]（清朝前期社会经济的发展2）](http://p26-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/11468e2c66f7456ea6f74b65c82828c5~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=iI0BdcBk4yOXdHsxMlbaepBWgRQ%3D)
App44:22![[31.3.1]（有关“资本主义萌芽”的讨论）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/ffc53533ff504de99a72ab27aa478522~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=U68wLtLvEUjfF8awtpGVOsGG2lA%3D)
App24:30![[31.4.1] （嘉道年间社会矛盾的激化与清朝前期的对外关系）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/3a8dd4f7a5be44f685ac03169a932ffe~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=ZNXK%2BYuFnk8KL%2FucxpelZSnDq2I%3D)
App17:33![[32.2.1]（五代宋元明清的史学）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/750f5e0ea7b84a7eb9dcda5a71534831~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=nVgMTPtcgLThwBCha2V18rX9gf8%3D)
App30:31![[32.3.1]（文学艺术）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/b09ecb9b8d2f41f6ba02e43e3321345f~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=9ccsv5OciSBYWs9a3Nbj4CsC85Q%3D)
App00:59![[32.4.1]（科技和建筑）](http://p3-sign.bdxiguaimg.com/tos-cn-i-0004/7ba2411b3f864f13accb7263b3e985a2~tplv-pk90l89vgd-crop-center:576:324.jpeg?appId=3586&channelId=0&customType=custom%2Fnone&from=704_middle_image&imageType=list&isImmersiveScene=0&is_ios=1&is_stream=0&lk3s=9d3f5bff&logId=202410211944451008AFAD5F6F5361EAA8&requestFrom=704&version_code=80402&x-expires=1761047086&x-signature=j5viX2faszX70fmbZzsoqdkAxGo%3D)
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