吐火罗语与印欧语言学 13 吐火罗语过去时第一至第四类以及印欧语背景;印欧语重叠现在时和过去时的使役含义;出曜经或法句经阅读,对比梵语犍陀罗语和汉语翻译 Tocharian and Indo-European Linguistics 13 吐火罗语与印欧语言学 Tocharian Preterite I to IV; The historical background of Tocharian Preterite; Preterite III + Palatalization + Reduplication; Indo-European reduplicated present and aorist with causative meaning; Reading of Udānavarga Chapter I Anityavarga Fragment PK AS 1A from Paris (Pelliot Collection); With Gāndhārī and Chinese parallel texts.